Regulation compliance by vessels and disturbance of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)
نویسندگان
چکیده
The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established a buffer zone around marine mammals to prevent harassment. The buffer zone varies by species listing status and by geographic area. However, it is unknown the extent to which vessels comply with these buffer zones. We selected harbor seals (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) as a case study to describe compliance with the buffer zone. We conducted land-based observations from Yellow Island, Washington State, in a geographic area where the buffer zone is 91 m (100 yards), to estimate vessel distance from hauled-out seals and to evaluate seal response. We recorded 85.7% of kayaks, 57.1% of stopped powerboats, and 4.6% of passing powerboats violating the buffer zone. Seals were disturbed by kayaks and stopped powerboats at distances >91 m from the haulout sites but not by moving powerboats £91 m from the sites. Hence, compliance of the buffer zone varied with vessel type and vessel activity. We suggest that a larger buffer zone for vessels lingering around the haul-out sites and enforcement of the buffer zone will minimize seal disturbance. Résumé : L’Administration nationale de l’océan et de l’atmosphère des États-Unis a établi des zones tampons autour des mammifères marins afin de prévenir le harcèlement. La zone tampon varie en fonction du statut de l’espèce sur la liste des espèces menacées et de la région géographique. On ne sait cependant pas dans quelle mesure les navires respectent ces zones tampons. Nous avons choisi le phoque gris (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) pour faire une étude de cas du respect de la zone tampon. Nous avons fait des observations depuis la côte sur Yellow Island, état de Washington, dans une région géographique où la zone tampon est de 91 m (100 verges) afin d’estimer la distance entre les navires et les phoques en échouerie et pour évaluer les réactions des phoques. Nous avons noté que 85,7 % des kayaks, 57,1 % des bateaux à moteur qui s’arrêtent et 4,6 % des bateaux à moteur qui passent tout droit ne respectent pas la zone tampon. Les phoques sont perturbés par les kayaks et les bateaux à moteur qui s’arrêtent à des distances >91 m des sites d’échouerie, mais pas par les bateaux à moteur qui passent tout droit à £91 m des sites. Le respect des zones tampons varie donc en fonction du type de bateau et du type d’activité du bateau. Nous proposons d’élargir la zone tampon pour les bateaux qui s’attardent près des sites d’échouerie et de faire respecter les zones tampons pour minimiser la perturbation des phoques. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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